Arthritis
Arthritis is a prevalent and often debilitating condition affecting millions of people worldwide. It refers to a group of disorders characterized by inflammation and stiffness in the joints, leading to pain and reduced mobility. This article aims to provide an overview of arthritis, including its causes, symptoms, and available treatment options, to help patients better understand and manage this condition.
Arthritis is a broad term encompassing over 100 different conditions that primarily affect the joints. The most common types include osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). OA occurs due to the gradual wear and tear of joint cartilage, while RA is an autoimmune disease where the immune system mistakenly attacks the body’s own joints.
Causes:
Arthritis can develop due to various factors, including:
Age: As people age, the risk of developing arthritis increases due to natural joint degeneration.
Genetics: Some individuals may have a genetic predisposition to certain types of arthritis.
Injury: Joint injuries or repetitive stress on joints can lead to the development of arthritis.
Autoimmune factors: In cases of rheumatoid arthritis, the immune system mistakenly targets the joints, causing inflammation and damage.
Symptoms:
While arthritis can affect different joints in the body, the most commonly affected areas include the knees, hips, hands, and spine. The symptoms may vary depending on the type of arthritis but often include:
- Joint pain and tenderness
- Swelling and stiffness
- Reduced range of motion
- Joint deformities (in advanced cases)
- Fatigue and general malaise (RA-specific symptom)